What you actually own

Regulation A+ is the SEC exemption behind most of the US fractional real estate a non-accredited investor can buy. Arrived, Fundrise's older eREITs, Cityfunds and Collab all sell under it. The deal it strikes is simple: the issuer may advertise to the public and take money from anyone, and in return it files an offering circular that the SEC reviews and qualifies before a dollar changes hands, then keeps reporting for as long as the offering lives. This page explains what you hold when you buy a Regulation A+ share, what the SEC does and does not check, who may buy, how resale works, and what to read before you do.

On Threeworld: Arrived, Fundrise, Cityfunds, Collab

Regulation D is the exemption US private capital runs on, and in fractional real estate it is the structure behind accredited-only offerings and most of the tokenized ones. RealT sold its tokens to US investors under Rule 506(c), Reental offers its series to US accredited investors the same way, and Fundrise's credit funds sit here too. A Regulation D offering needs no SEC review and no qualified circular. The issuer files a short notice called Form D after the first sale, and from then on the only documents you read are the ones the issuer chose to write. This page explains what you hold, the difference between the two Rule 506 routes, who counts as accredited, why your shares are locked for a year, and what to read when there is no regulator reading for you.

No platform on Threeworld today

Regulation Crowdfunding, written as Reg CF, is the US exemption built for small public raises through a licensed online portal. An issuer can take up to $5 million in a year from anyone, accredited or not, provided the sale runs through a funding portal or broker-dealer and the issuer files a Form C. It is the exemption people assume fractional real estate uses, and almost none of the platforms Threeworld lists do. This page explains what a Reg CF real estate security is, why the structure suits a single development more than a rental portfolio, who may buy and how much, the twelve-month resale restriction, and how to read a Form C if you meet one.

No platform on Threeworld today

Most of the structures in this hub give you a security in a company that owns a property. Appreciation rights give you less than that and are honest about it: a contractual claim on part of a future price change, with no title, no equity, no rent and no occupancy. Sols Lot, the one platform on Threeworld built this way, records a share of the financial rights under a forward sale agreement in a token it calls a SmartDeed, currently as a testnet alpha on the Chia blockchain with no monetary value. This page explains what such a right is, how it differs from owning a fraction, where it sits in US securities law, how you would exit, and what to check if the model ever moves from testnet to money.

On Threeworld: Sols Lot

Dubai has two regulated ways to sell a fraction of a flat, and this page covers the older one. Property investment crowdfunding under the Dubai Financial Services Authority, the DFSA, is how Stake works: a special purpose vehicle registered in the Dubai International Financial Centre buys the property and holds the Dubai Land Department title deed, you buy shares in that vehicle, and your share certificate sits on the DIFC public register in your name. The platform operator holds a DFSA licence as an operator of a property investment crowdfunding platform. This page explains what that structure gives you, what the regulator requires of the operator, who may buy and how much, how Stake's exit windows work, and what to check before you join one.

On Threeworld: Stake

In May 2025 the Dubai Land Department became the first land registry in the region to record fractional ownership of a property as tokens, through a pilot it runs with the Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, the Central Bank of the UAE and the Dubai Future Foundation. PRYPCO Mint is the platform the pilot launched on, with Ctrl Alt as the tokenization partner and custodian, and it is the one platform Threeworld lists where the land registry itself records your fraction. This page explains what that registration means, how the licensing stacks up, who may buy during the pilot, the three-month lock and the valuation-tied resale rule, and what to check before you put dirhams in.

On Threeworld: Prypco Mint

Since November 2023 every crowdfunding platform in the European Union that raises money for businesses, property developers included, needs authorisation under the European Crowdfunding Service Providers Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2020/1503, known as ECSPR. One licence from a home regulator works in all 27 member states. Platforms such as EstateGuru, Reinvest24, Rendity, Bricks.co and BRXS operate under it, and Threeworld's profiles will carry each one's authorisation when they join the index. This page explains what an ECSPR offer gives you, the €5 million cap, the investor protections written into the regulation, how resale works on a bulletin board, and what the key investment information sheet should tell you.

No platform on Threeworld today

A participative loan, in Spanish a préstamo participativo, is a loan whose interest moves with how the borrower performs. Spanish law has recognised it since 1996 as a hybrid between debt and equity, and Reental has made it the backbone of fractional real estate in Spain. You do not buy a share of a flat. You buy a membership interest in a Florida series LLC, issued as a token, and that LLC lends money to a Spanish company that owns and lets the flat, with the interest on the loan tracking the rent and the eventual sale. This page explains what you hold at each layer, how the Spanish instrument works, which US exemptions the offer uses, who may buy, how you exit, and what to read before you lend.

On Threeworld: Reental, Reinvest24, Rendity

A property token is a record on a blockchain of who holds an interest in something. The something is almost always a membership interest in a limited liability company that owns one property, and the token changes how the interest moves, not what it is. Lofty records LLC interests on Algorand and trades them in USDC, RealT recorded series LLC interests on Ethereum and Gnosis until its liquidation in July 2026, Binaryx uses a Wyoming DAO LLC per property on Polygon, Mogul runs per-property LLCs as investment clubs, and MeyReal issues property-backed NFTs that its terms call certificates of contractual rights. This page explains what each token represents, which rules if any the issuer relies on, who may buy, how the markets work, and what the RealT episode showed about tokens with thin markets.

On Threeworld: Mogul, Lofty.ai, Binaryx, MeyReal, RealT

Australia regulates pooled investment through a single concept, the managed investment scheme, and fractional property sits inside it. BrickX, the one Australian platform on Threeworld, splits each property into 10,000 units called Bricks in a unit trust, registers the scheme with the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, and runs it through a licensed responsible entity with a custodian on the title. It is the most conventional structure in this hub: no exemption, no sandbox, no token, just the same rulebook that governs Australian managed funds. This page explains what a unit is, what ASIC requires of the operator, who may buy, how the order book exit works, and what the product disclosure statement should tell you.

On Threeworld: BrickX

India had a fractional office market before it had a rule for one. From about 2015 platforms such as Property Share, hBits and Strata pooled investors into special purpose vehicles that bought leased Grade A offices, with no regulator over the offering. In March 2024 the Securities and Exchange Board of India closed that gap by creating the Small and Medium REIT, a listed trust whose schemes each hold a small portfolio of completed, income-producing property and sell units of at least ₹10 lakh on a stock exchange. This page explains what a unit is, what SEBI requires of the trust and its manager, who may buy, how the exchange exit works, what the offer documents disclose, and how the three Indian platforms on Threeworld answered the new rule: one listed, one registered, one surrendered.

On Threeworld: Property Share, hBits